Social movements refer to collective efforts by individuals, groups, or organizations to bring about social, political, or cultural change. These movements often arise in response to perceived injustices or inequalities within society and seek to challenge dominant power structures and advocate for social transformation. Social movements can take various forms, such as protests, strikes, boycotts, and grassroots organizing efforts, and can focus on a wide range of issues including civil rights, environmental protection, gender equality, labor rights, and more. Researchers in this area study the dynamics, strategies, and impacts of social movements, as well as the role of social media and technology in mobilizing and organizing activists.